Abstract Teachers generally focus on promoting criticality and try, at all costs, to develop intertextuality processes in the student body, leaving aside the other essential levels to achieve the final product. In this sense, it is vital to bear in mind that the order of the factors, in this case, would alter the result, since velis nolis must carry out a cycle and specific procedures to achieve the objectives set in advance. For this reason, it is necessary to show that the readings for less and above than expected according to some characters and quantity of fixations affect textual comprehension. On the other hand, a transformative sequential design with a mixed approach was applied to this research, a sample of 80 students from the secondary level of a private educational institution in the municipality of Galapa-Colombia was selected, who read three texts related to the electromagnetism on the Eye tracker T.120 screen and using Tobii.3.4.6 software. The results allow us to confront from the teaching practice different positions on the incursion of these variables in the reading processes. Finally, it is concluded that visual fixations play a main role for the understanding of a text and, therefore, the design of a didactic proposal that takes science and the image as a reference is proposed as a prospective one in order to seek adequate understanding by the student reader.

Resumen Por lo general, el profesorado se centra en promover la criticidad y trata, a toda costa, desarrollar procesos de intertextualidad en el estudiantado, dejando de lado los otros niveles indispensables para conseguir el producto final. En este sentido, es vital tener presente que el orden de los factores, en este caso, si alteraría el resultado, ya que velis nolis se debe llevar un ciclo y unos procedimientos específicos para lograr los objetivos trazados con antelación. Por este motivo, es necesario demostrar que las lecturas por menos y encima de lo esperado conforme a unos caracteres y cantidad de fijaciones inciden en la comprensión textual. Por otra parte, en esta investigación se aplicó un diseño transformativo secuencial con enfoque mixto, se seleccionó una muestra de 80 estudiantes de nivel secundario de una institución educativa privada del municipio de Galapa-Colombia, quienes realizaron una lectura de tres textos relacionados con el electromagnetismo en la pantalla del Eye tracker T.120 y con el uso del software Tobii.3.4.6. Los resultados permiten confrontar desde la práctica docente distintas posturas sobre la incursión de estas variables en los procesos lectores. Finalmente, se concluye que las fijaciones visuales cumplen un rol principal para la comprensión de un texto y por consiguiente, se plantea como prospectiva el diseño de una propuesta didáctica que tome como referente la ciencia y la imagen para buscar la comprensión adecuada por parte del lector.

ABSTRACT Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f), a palm tree native to South America and widely distributed in Brazil, displays significant ecological, economic and biotechnological importance. However, the disorderly extractivism and environmental degradation of its endemic areas are leading to reductions in, and/or extinction of the buriti palm tree, causing ecological imbalance with significant economic losses for rural communities and genetic diversity. Consequently, populational genetic diversity studies have become relevant as a strategy for conserving the species. Therefore, this study evaluated the genetic structure of 10 populations from the Lençóis Maranhenses region, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, using microsatellite markers. Results indicated that eight pairs displayed a high level of polymorphism in the populations evaluated (98.5 %). The genetic diversity estimations allowed for identifying 220 alleles (average of 9.5 alleles/loci), and the heterozygosity averages observed (Ho) were lower than the heterozygosity expected (He) in the population (0.16 and 0.64) and loci levels (0.15 and 0.65), respectively. The Shannon Index (I) mean value of 1.36 indicated high diversity and genotypic richness in the populations evaluated, while the population index (FST) indicated a low value (0.05) and the fixation index pertaining to individuals indicated a high value (FIS = 0.79) exhibiting a moderate population distribution structure, and pointing to greater diversity between individuals. Based on these results, populations denominated as PA and PB presented a high genetic similarity (0.219), while populations denominated as PF and PJ exhibited more distant genetic characteristics (0.519). These results can be correlated based on prioritization of conservation of this non–domesticated species, influenced by environmental characteristics, suggesting that the genetic diversity found should be conserved in a germplasm bank, and subsequently exploited in breeding programs.

Abstract Introduction: Porocarcinoma is a strange neoplasm of the skin, which develops in the sweat glands at the intradermal ductal portion. Case Report: We describe the case of a 65-year-old Mexican patient with a long clinical history of skin lesion, which was successfully treated with surgical treatment, and a 3-year recurrence-free interval. Discussion: This tumor represents from 0.005% to 0.01% of skin tumors and is the most frequent of the eccrine malignant tumors. It predominantly affects people in the fifth and eighth decade of life; the most commonly affected areas are the lower limbs. The treatment of choice is still the wide surgical resection with Mohs micrographic surgery, whose cure rate ranges from 70% to 80%. Conclusions: Although porocarcinoma incidence rate is very low, its biological behavior turns it aggressive when the disease spreads. In spite of its low frequency, it is still a diagnose challenge.

Resumen Introducción: El porocarcinoma es una neoplasia dermatológica extraña que se desarrolla en las glándulas sudoríparas de la porción ductal intradérmica. Presentación del caso: Describimos el caso de un paciente masculino de 65 años de edad, mexicano, con una larga historia clínica de lesión en la piel, que fue exitosamente tratada con cirugía y tuvo un intervalo libre de recurrencia de tres años. Discusión: Este tumor representa del 0.005 al 0.01% de los tumores dermatológicos y es el más frecuente de los tumores ecrinos malignos. Afecta principalmente a las personas que se encuentran entre la quinta y la octava década de la vida; las áreas más afectadas son los miembros inferiores. El tratamiento de elección aún es la resección amplia mediante cirugía micrográfica de Mohs, cuya tasa de curación se encuentra entre el 70 y el 80%. Conclusiones: Aunque la tasa de incidencia del porocarcinoma es muy baja, el comportamiento biológico de este tumor se vuelve agresivo cuando la enfermedad se disemina. Pese a su baja frecuencia, diagnosticarlo aún es un reto.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a capacidade anti-helmíntica in vivo do extrato aquoso de folhas de C. mollis, administrado por via oral em caprinos naturalmente infectados com nematódeos gastrintestinais. Para isto, os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos (grupo não tratado, grupo controle tratado com doramectina (1mL/50 kg de peso corpóreo) e grupo tratado com o extrato aquoso de C. mollis (2,5mg/ kg de peso corpóreo). Amostras de sangue e fezes foram colhidas de cada animal nos dias 0 e 30 após o tratamento para verificar parâmetros imunológicos e parasitológicos. Uma redução significativa na oviposição (61,1%) e um aumento dos níveis de IgA e eosinófilos foram observados no grupo tratado com o extrato aquoso, em comparação aos grupos controle (não tratado e tratado com doramectina). Considerando que nematódeos gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes causam perdas econômicas ao nível mundial, devido ao custo e à resistência aos anti-helmínticos disponíveis, além do efeito residual nos derivados animais para consumo humano, os extratos vegetais apresentam-se como uma fonte alternativa de anti-helmínticos. Assim, Cratyliamollis Mart. ExBenth é uma planta usada no semi-áridodo Nordeste brasileiro para tratardoenças e como forragem. Portanto, os resultados indicaram o potencial anti-helmíntico do extrato, embora mais estudos sejam necessários para validar seu uso para fins terapêuticos.

SUMMARY The present study assessed the in vivo anthelmintic activity of the C. mollis leaf decoction extract when administered orally to naturally infected goats with gastrointestinal nematodes. To this, animals were randomized into three groups:non-treated, control (treated with doramectin 1mL/50 kg b.w.) and C. mollis extract treated groups (2.5mg/kg b.w.). Blood and faecal samples were collected from each animal at day 0, and 30th day posttreatment to monitor immunological and parasitological parameters. A significant faecal egg reduction (61.1%) and an increase in IgA and eosinophils levels were observed in the C. mollis extract treated group, in comparison to the untreated and doramectin groups. Considering that gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants are serious problems in the world, causing economic losses worldwide, associated to high anthelmintic cost, resistance to available anthelmintics and residue problems in meat and milk for human consumption, the plant extract use is an area of interest to search new anthelmintic agents. Thus, Cratyliamollis Mart. Ex Benth, an important medicinal plant from Brazilian Northeast semiarid region, is used to treat different types of diseases, and as forage supplementation. Therefore, the data indicated the potential anthelmintic activity of C. mollis extract; further research is thereby warranted to assess its value for therapeutic purposes.

INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma importante zoonose para os sistemas de saúde pública, sendo os cães o principal reservatório doméstico. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de LV canina (LVC) em Dias D'Ávila, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. MÉTODOS: A prevalência foi avaliada através de exames clínicos e laboratoriais em uma população de 312 cães domésticos de 23 localidades da cidade, utilizando-se imunofluorescência indireta e ensaio imunoenzimático. RESULTADOS: Dentre os animais examinados, 3.2% e 6.7% apresentaram sinais de LV, confirmados por imunofluorescência indireta e ensaio imunoenzimático, respectivamente, com distribuição de 29.9% (24 cães) na zona rural e 4.9% (288 cães) na área urbana (p=0,001). A avaliação clínica de cães soropositivos apresentou animais assintomáticos (2,4%) e sintomáticos (47,6%), além de outras alterações (e.g., anemia normocítica e normocrômica, com leucocitose e trombocitopenia). Observações relativas a características fenotípicas (e.g. sexo, idade, raça e pelo) não apresentaram significância estatística, embora uma soropositividade alta entre machos, animais de pelo curto e de raça indefinida tenha sido observada. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados indicam que a LV é uma zoonose predominantemente rural e que o convívio de aves e cães domésticos aumenta significativamente o risco da infecção canina na região.

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis in relation to public health systems. Dogs are the main domestic reservoir. This study aimed to investigate occurrences of canine VL in Dias D'Ávila, State of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: The prevalence was evaluated by means of clinical and laboratory tests on a population of 312 domestic dogs from 23 localities in this municipality, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic assays. RESULTS: Among the animals examined, 3.2% and 6.7% showed signs of VL, confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic assays, respectively, with a distribution of 29.9% (24 dogs) in the rural zone and 4.9% (288 dogs) in the urban zone (p = 0.001). The clinical evaluation on seropositive dogs showed both asymptomatic animals (2.4%) and symptomatic animals (47.6%), along with other abnormalities (e.g. normocytic and normochromic anemia, with leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia). Observations relating to phenotypic characteristics (e.g. sex, age, breed and hair) did not present statistical significance, although high seropositivity among male, short-haired and mixed-breed dogs was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that VL was a predominantly rural zoonosis and that close contact between poultry and domestic dogs significantly increased the risk of canine infection in this region.